Beschreibung Lowell, the Story of an Industrial City: A Guide to Lowell National Historical Park and Lowell Heritage State Park, Lowell, Massachusetts (Classic Reprint). Excerpt from Lowell, the Story of an Industrial City: A Guide to Lowell National Historical Park and Lowell Heritage State Park, Lowell, Massachusetts The city's brick mills and canal network were, however, signs of a new human domination of nature in America. Urban Lowell contrasted starkly with the farms and villages in which the vast majority of Americans lived and worked in the early 19th cen tury. Farming was largely a matter of accommoda tion to the natural world. Mill owners prospered by regimenting that world. They imposed a regularity on the workday radically different from the normal routine. Mills ran an average of 12 hours a day, 6 days a week, for more than 300 days a year. Only when it suited them did the owners follow seasonal rhythms, operating the mills longer in summer but in winter extending the day with whale-oil lamps. Lowell's canals depended on water drawn from a river, but to use the Merrimack as efficiently as possible, the mill owners dammed it, even ponding water overnight for use the next day. Anticipating seasonal dry spells, they turned the river's watershed into a giant millpond. They were aggressive in pur chasing water rights in New Hampshire, storing water in lakes in the spring and releasing it into the Merrimack in the summer and fall. Damming alone would not have created enough power to run the mills. Lowell's industrial life was sustained by naturally falling water. At Pawtucket Falls, just above the Merrimack's junction with the Concord, the river drops more than 30 feet in less than a mile - a continuous surge of kinetic energy from which the mills harnessed over horse power. Without the falls, there would have been no textile production, no Lowell. Pawtucket Falls had long been the focus of human activity in the area. If the tumbling water meant power to European settlers, to the nearby Pennacook Indians it was a source of food. Neighboring tribes regularly met at the falls in the spring to reap the bounty of the annual runs of salmon and sturgeon. While Indians planted cr0ps near their villages, they did not possess the land or own it individually as the English did. They moved about with the seasons, leaving themselves open to encroachment by settlerswho coveted their land. With the incorporation of Chelmsford in 1655, a permanent English presence was established near the Pennacook villages. Con flict and displacement soon followed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Lowell National Historical Park (U.S. National Park Service) ~ Lowell’s water-powered textile mills catapulted the nation – including immigrant families and early female factory workers – into an uncertain new industrial era. Nearly 200 years later, the changes that began here still reverberate in our shifting global economy. Explore Lowell, a living monument to the dynamic human story of the Industrial Revolution.
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Lowell, MA / Official Website ~ Lowell City Hall 375 Merrimack Street Lowell, MA 01852 Phone: 978-674-4000 Email Us; Hours . City Hall and other City buildings will be open to the public during the following times until further notice: Tues 8AM - 8PM ; Thurs 8AM - 5PM; All departments are available to assist residents remotely during regular business hours. Helpful Links. Employment Opportunities; Career Center of Lowell .
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Massachusetts (U.S. National Park Service) ~ National Historical Park Lowell Lowell, MA. Discover the Continuing Revolution. Lowell’s water-powered textile mills catapulted the nation – including immigrant families and early female factory workers – into an uncertain new industrial era. Nearly 200 years later, the changes that began here still reverberate in our shifting global .
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History of Lowell, Massachusetts - Wikipedia ~ The history of Lowell, Massachusetts, is closely tied to its location along the Pawtucket Falls of the Merrimack River, from being an important fishing ground for the Pennacook tribe to providing water power for the factories that formed the basis of the city's economy for a century. The city of Lowell was started in the 1820s as a money-making venture and social project referred to as "The .